Microbial detection is a field of research that focuses on identifying and detecting the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa in various samples. This research area is essential for disease diagnosis, monitoring of food and water quality, environmental monitoring, and biodefense. Researchers in this field employ a variety of techniques including molecular biology, immunological methods, and culture-based methods to identify and quantify microbial populations in different samples. The ultimate goal of microbial detection research is to develop accurate, sensitive, and rapid methods for detecting and identifying microorganisms to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and ensure public health and safety.